latitude Parallels drawn east to west around the earth and numbered by degrees north and south of the equator. equator Designated zero degrees latitude longitude Meridians drawn north to south and numbered by degrees east and west of the prime meridian. greenwich City in England designated zero degrees longitude known as the prime meridian. continental shelf Warm shallow fringes around the continents, amount to 21% of the earth's total ocean area but contain a far higher proportion of its plant and animal life. Vulnerable to coastal and marine pollution. atlantic ocean Ocean located between the European and African Continents and the North and South American Continents. indian ocean Ocean located between the African and Australian Continents. australia Known as the 'Island Continent'. pacific ocean Ocean located between North and South American Continents and Asia. madagascar Larges island located just east of the African continent and north east of South Africa. arabian sea Body of water located between India and Arabia. mexico city This city is the capital of Mexico. belmopan This city is the capital of Belize hispaniola This Caribbean island is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. georgetown This city is the capital of Guyana. south america This continent is where Surinam is located. buenos aires This city is the capital of Argentina. mediterranean This sea admits ships through Gibraltar Strait and lets them sail toward Italy, Turkey, Egypt and others. arctic ocean If you sail North through the Greenland sea, you will wind up here. antarctica This is where you will find Queen Maud Land and Marie Byrd Land. British explorer Sir James C. Ross conducted its first extensive exploration. tasmania Island south of Australia between the Australian continent and the South Pole. sao paulo This city is the capital of Brazil. falkland islands Known as Islas Malvinas, they are islands off Argentinas South East coast. tierra del fuego Area, southernmost tip of South America. drake passage Southern tip of South America where the South Atlantic and South Pacific meet. This dangerous passage was braved by many sailors before the construction of the Panama Canal. baltic sea This sea is surrounded by Scandanavia, Finland and Northern Europe. english channel A stretch of water between England and France. oslo This city is the capital of Norway. stockholm This city is the capital of Sweden. moscow This city is the capital of Russia. bucharest This city is the capital of Romania. budapest This city is the capital of Hungary. warsaw This city is the capital of Poland. sofia This city is the capital of Bulgaria. athens This city is the capital of Greece. rome This city is the capital of Italy. madrid This city is the capital of Spain. bern This city is the capital of Switzerland. prague This city is the capital of the Czech Republic. brussels This city is the capital of Belgium rabat This city is the capital of Morocco. belgrade This city is the capital of Yogoslavia. vienna This city is the capital of Austria. reykjavik This city is the capital of Iceland. guayaquil This city is the capital of Ecuador. bogota This city is the capital of Colombia. caracas This city is the capital of Venezuela. asuncion This city is the capital of Paraguay. montevideo This city is the capital of Uruguay. la paz This city is the capital of Bolivia. georgetown This city is the capital of Guyana. paramaribo This city is the capital of Surinam. cayenne This city is the capital of French Guyana. port of spain This city is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago. port au prince This city is the capital of Haiti. roseau This city is the capital of Dominica. bridgetown This city is the capital of Barbados. israel The dead sea, which is 1,339 feet below sea level, is found in this country. italy The monetary unit of this country is the Lira. It's highest point is Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) whic is 15,771 feet above sea level. jamaica Christopher Columbus claimed this island for Spain in 1494. Britain invaded and gaines control in the seventeenth century. It's capital is Kingston. jordan This country, whose capital city is Amman, became the British mandate of Palestine after World War I. The country occupied the east and west sides of a river of the same name. During the Arab-Israeli war in 1967, the region west of the river, known as the 'West Bank' and its section of Jerusalem fell to Israeli control. The country is now located east of this river. leberia This country, is completely land locked by South Africa. Its capital is Maseru. liechtenstein This country, locate dbetween Switzerland and Austria, has a population of only 30,000 inhabitants and cover only 62 square miles of area. Its capital city is Vaduz. luxembourg This country, located between France, Belgium and Germany, has a capital city of the same name. macedonia The capital of this country is Skopje. This country was birth place to Alexander the Great, who in the fourth century B.C., created a vast empire that streched from Egypt to Northern India. antananarivo The capital city of Madagascar, a Southeastern African Island. kuala lumpur The capita of Malaysia, a country on a South Asian penninsula located in the South China Sea. mexico Capital is Mexico City This country gave birth to the ancient civilizations of the Olmec, Mayan and Aztec Indians over 3,000 years ago. mexico The Aztec empire was overthrown by Spain in 1521 This country lost what is now Texas, to the U.S during a war. malawi Borders Mozambique and Zambia This African country's capital city is Lilongwe. albania The poorest country in Europe Capital city of this country is Tirane. It borders Yugoslavia, Greece, Macedonia and the Adriatic Sea. bahamas The Commonwealth of the Bahamas This country has over 700 islands, out of which only about 30 are inhabited. Originally the home of the Lucayo Indians. austria The majority of Austrians are native born Roman Catholic The capital city of this contry is Vienna. It has contributed much to music and the arts. Vienna is one of the great cultural cities of Europe. lebanon Gained independence from France in 1943 This country has a history of recend bloodshed. In 1975, fighting between Christians and Palestinians. In 1978 and 1982, it was invaded by Israel. It's capital is Beirut. greenhouse effect Carbon Dioxide constitutes less than .03% of Earth's atmosphere. Short wave radiation, passes through CO2 in the Earths atmosphere and heats the planetary surface. The retransmitted energy in the form of longer wave infra red radiation is then trapped by the same CO2 and creates higher levels of heat on the Earth's surface. hong kong Capital city is Hong Kong This nation is one of the most crowded. It has approximately 14,000 inhabitants per square mile. puerto rico Capital is San Juan This Caribbean island is densly populated with over 1,000 inhabitants per square mile. australia Capital city is Canberra This entire continent hosts only 1% of the world's population. antarctica Antarctica is the Southernmost continent and the coldest place on Earth This entire continent has no capital cities, no native population and is one of the last frontiers on Earth. cuba Capital is Havana The United States gained sovereignty over this country in 1898 following the Spanish American War. It freed this country in 1902. mexico city Mexico City, Mexico This is the world's largest city with a population of over 24 million. sao paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil This is the world's second largest city with a population of over 23 million. tokyo Tokyo, Japan The world's third largest city with a population of over 21 million. new york New York, New York This is the world's fourth largest city and the United States' largest. russia Soviet Union Saint Petersburg, Samara and Moskva re located in this Country. brazil Capital city is Sao Paulo The Amazon river and the Amazon Jungle are located in this country. tegucigalpa Honduras, Central America The capita of Honduras, a Central American Country. manila Located between the South China Sea and the pacific Ocean The capital city of the Philippines. caspian sea Land Locked This land locked water borders Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. irish sea This body of water is located between England and Ireland. english channel Located between England and France The Channel Islands are located in this body of water. golfe du lion In the Mediterranean Sea This body of water, is on the East coast bordering France and Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea. lake geneva Geneve, Switzernand. If you crossed the Alps from Torino, Italy to Geneve, Switzerland, you will find this body of water. france italy switzerland Alpes Mountain Range The Alps (Alpes) border these three European countries. denmark North of Germany This country is located North of Germany, bordering the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. canary islands North Atlantic Ocean, West of North African Coast These islands are composed of La Palma, Hierro, Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. syrian desert Arabian Peninsula This desert, is on the Arabian Peninsula located between the Red Sea and the Euphrates river. ryukyu islands Japan, Pacific Ocean This island chain includes Miyako Jima, Iriomote Jima, Okinawa Jima and Kakeroma Jima. sri lanka The Island is known as Ceylon This island country is located at the southern tip of India. red sea You will find this body of water between Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt and Saidi Arabia. lake superior Borders United States and Canada Fill in the missing lake: Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario. okeechobee Central Florida This is the largest lake in the State of Florida, United States. gulf of california Golfo de California Body of water between Baja California and Mexico. canada Lake winnipeg is in this country. lake boneville The Great Salt Lake in Utah, is also known as this. appalachian Appalachian Mountains Mountain range along the Eastern United States. glen canyon Less known and Northeast of the Grand Canyon, this canyon also is found in Colorado. yucatan peninsula Central America Belize, Guatemala and Mexico borden on thos body of land. yucatan canal Central America A stretch of water between Cuba and the Easternmost point in Mexico. la paz South America Capital city of Bolivia. santiago South America Capital city of Chile. bogota South America Capital city of Colombia caracas South America Capital city of Venezuela quito South America Capital city of Ecuador. galapagos islands South Pacific Ocean Island chain West of Ecuador studied by Charles Darwin. san jose Central America Capital city of Costa Rica. panama city Central America Capital city of Panama. warsaw Europe Capital city of Poland. budapest Europe Capital city of Hungary. athens Europe Capital city of Greece. bucharest Europe Capital city of Romania. minsk Europe Capital city of Belorussia helsinki Europe Capital city of Finland. stockholm Europe Capital city of Sweden. dublin Europe Capital city of Ireland. strait of gibraltar Between Morocco and Spain This narrow body of water is found between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. haiti Caribbean This country gained independence from France in 1804. In 1957, Francois Duvalier (Papa Doc) was elected president. After his death in 1971, Jean Claude Duvalier (Baby Doc) succeeds as president until exiled in 1986 by a military coup. kabul Southern Asia Capital city of Afghanistan. algeria Northern Africa, Cpital is Algiers This country, was invaded by Arabs in the eigth and eleventh century. The Arabs mixed in with the Native Berbers and they became known as Moors. andorra Located between France and Spain France and Spain have co-governed this small country (population 58,000) since the 1200's, until in 1994, it adopted a new constitution. yerevan Southwest Asia Capital city of Armenia. bangladesh Southern Asia This densly populated country (over 2,000 inhabitants per square mile) bordes India and is North of the Sea of Bengal. brussels Western Europe Capital city of Belgium. minsk Eastern Europe Capital city of Belarus gaborone Africa Capital city of Botswana. bandar seri begawan Southeastern Asia Capital city of Brunei burkina faso Capital is ouagadougou African country, borders Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana and Ivory Coast phnom penh Southeastern Asia Capital city of Cambodia. cameroon Capital is Yaoundee Borders Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria, Chad, Congo and Gabon. peking Population: 1 Billion, 184 Million Chinas capital city, Beijing is also known as this. brazzaville Africa Capital city of Congo. costa rica Central America This country, translated into English, means 'Rich Coast' ivory coast Africa This country got its name from a type of trade it had with France since 1483. cyprus Mediterranean Sea The capital of this island in the Mediterannean sea is Nicosia.